"NCBN Nara chandrababu naidu" CEO Deals to grow Andhra Pradesh

CISCO network and andhra pradesh CEO Chandra babu 
Microsoft Kaizala for andhra pradesh 

Google Wi-fi for andhra pradesh CEO

Microsoft Servers for andhra pradesh CEO Chandra babu
Azure Machine Learning processes 

Gdb debugging on Target and Local systems on Linux environment

GDB Debugging

Compile binary with -g option:  gcc file.c -g -o file_out

Development PC works as a client machine:
  $ gdb ./file_out

  (gdb)b main
  (gdb)b filename:10
  (gdb)c //used to run the programe
  (gdb) list
  (gdb) print var

Target GDB Debugging

Target or R&D System :
 $ ifconfig
   11.19.81.198

 $ ./gdbserver.i686 host:2345 ./file_out
   Listening on port 2345
   Remote debugging from host  11.19.89.132


Development PC works as a client machine:
  $ gdb ./file_out

  then connect remote lcoation 
  (gdb) target remote 11.19.81.198:2345
       Reading /lib/ld-linux.so.2 from remote target...
       warning: File transfers from remote targets can be slow. Use "set sysroot" to access files locally instead.
       Reading /lib/ld-linux.so.2 from remote target...
       Reading symbols from target:/lib/ld-linux.so.2...Reading /lib/ld-2.24.so from remote target...
       Reading /lib/.debug/ld-2.24.so from remote target...
       (no debugging symbols found)...done.
       0x4b6f3a20 in ?? () from target:/lib/ld-linux.so.2
  (gdb) set remote exec-file /bin/true
  (gdb)b main
  (gdb)b filename.c:10
  (gdb)c //used to run the programe
     Continuing.
     Reading /lib/libc.so.6 from remote target...
     Reading /lib/libc-2.24.so from remote target...
     Reading /lib/.debug/libc-2.24.so from remote target...
  (gdb) list
  (gdb) print var

Wrappers:

$ gdbserver --wrapper env LD_PRELOAD=libtest.so -- :2222 ./testprog

The --selftest option runs the self tests in gdbserver:

$ gdbserver --selftestmonitor set debug 0

Enable / Disable logs:

(gdb) monitor set debug 1

(gdb) monitor set debug 1
(gdb) monitor set remote-debug 0
(gdb) monitor set remote-debug 1

Creating a articles for files formats .C, .CPP , .H, .HPP, .HXX, .ii, .ixx, .inl,

First extensions used for C++ were .c and .h, exactly like for C. This caused practical problems, especially the .c which didn't allow build systems to easily differentiate C++ and C files.

Unix, on which C++ has been developed, has case-sensitive file systems. So some used .C for C++ files. Other used .c++, .cc and .cxx. .C and .c++ have the problem that they aren't available on other file systems and their use quickly dropped. DOS and Windows C++ compilers tended to use .cpp, and some of them make the choice difficult, if not impossible, to configure. Portability consideration made that choice the most common, even outside MS-Windows.

Headers have used the corresponding,.H.h++, .hh, .hxx and .hpp. But unlike the main files, .h remains to this day a popular choice for C++ even with the disadvantage that it doesn't allow to know if the header can be included in C context or not. Standard headers now have no extension at all.

Additionally, some are using .ii, .ixx, .ipp, .inl for headers providing inline definitions and .txx, .tpp and .tpl for template definitions. Those are either included in the headers providing the definition, or manually in the contexts where they are needed.

Compilers and tools usually don't care about what extensions are used, but using an extension that they associate with C++ prevents the need to track out how to configure them so they correctly recognize the language used.

Visual Studio recognize .ixx as a default extension for module interfaces, clang++ is recognizing.c++m.cppm and .cxxm for the same purpose.

Moore’s Law : Transistors life

Moore’s Law

               Moore's law refers to the observation that the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years. Moore's law is an observation or projection and not a physical or natural law. The observation is named after Gordon Moore, the co-founder of Fairchild Semiconductor and Intel, whose 1965 paper described a doubling every year in the number of components per integrated circuit, and projected this rate of growth would continue for at least another decade. In 1975 looking forward to the next decade, he revised the forecast to doubling every two years.The period is often quoted as 18 months because of Intel executive David House, who predicted that chip performance would double every 18 months.

Note:  Number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years

Reading a flash device(SST25VF016B) memory Example code in C++

Reading flash device(My Case chip BIOS) with flashrom open source software and ready binary memory at particular offset(3975) from there 15 characters from 3975-3990.

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ASCII and HEX and Actual symbol in programming

ASCII  Hex Symbol 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL BS TAB LF VT FF CR SO SI ASCII Hex Symbol 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETB CAN EM SUB ESC FS GS RS US ASCII Hex Symbol 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E 2F (Space) ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / ASCII Hex Symbol 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E 3F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? ASCII Hex Symbol 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O ASCII Hex Symbol 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5A 5B 5C 5D 5E 5F P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ASCII Hex Symbol 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o ASCII Hex Symbol 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 7A 7B 7C 7D 7E 7F p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~ 

ASCII Hex Symbol Type Description 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL BS TAB LF VT FF CR SO SI CC CC CC CC CC CC FE FE FE FE FE FE Null Start of Heading Start of Text End of Text End of Transmission Enquiry Acknowledge Bell (audible or attention signal) Backspace Horizontal Tabulation Line Feed Vertical Tabulation Form Feed Carriage Return Shift Out Shift In

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETB CAN EM SUB ESC FS GS RS US CC CC CC CC IS IS IS IS Data Link Escape Device Control 1 Device Control 2 Device Control 3 Device Control 4 Negative Acknowledge Synchronous Idle End of Transmission Block Cancel End of Medium Substitute Escape File Separator Group Separator Record Separator Unit Separator

           Type     Description

CC FE IS

Communication Control Format Effector Information Separator

Was able to successfully add blacklisted "flashrom" recipe in windriver linux

I was able to successfully add the "flashrom" recipe.

Please find the steps I've done:
==================================================
> mkdir -p my-project

> cd my-project

> git clone --branch WRLINUX_9_LTS_CVE \
https://windshare.windriver.com/remote.php/gitsmart/WRLinux-9-LTS-CVE/wrlinux-9

> ./wrlinux-9/setup.sh --machines qemux86-64

> echo "Obtainin the required information for STEP 2 at[Enabling Unsupported Packages with PNWHITELIST]"

> cat ./layers/meta-openembedded/meta-oe/conf/layer.conf | grep BBFILE_COLLECTIONS | awk '{print $3}'
>> BBFILE_COLLECTIONS += "openembedded-layer"

> source oe-init-build-env

> echo "PNBLACKLIST[flashrom] = \"\"" >> ./conf/local.conf

> echo "PNWHITELIST_openembedded-layer_append = \" flashrom\"" >> ./conf/local.conf 

> bitbake wrlinux-image-glibc-small
Please, consider this steps as a guide, not as a script.
==================================================

The explanation is:
1. Create the project
2. Find the collection name in the layer configuration file
3. Initialize your project "source oe-init-build-env"
4. Edit your local.conf file with the desired information to unset the blacklist and add the desired package to the whitelist.

Valgrind for memory leaks on run-time ENV

Valgrind for memory leaks

Valgrind is an instrumentation framework for building dynamic analysis tools. There are Valgrind tools that can automatically detect many memory management and threading bugs, and profile your programs in detail. You can also use Valgrind to build new tools.

Error: implicit declaration of function 'copy_from_user'

implicit declaration of function copy_from_user If you receive this error message:

Create Shared Library Function Calls in Linux or Unix 3 steps

Creating Shared Library Function Calls in Linux

1. Create programe code ngprogram.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main() 

{
        puts("aroundng dot com world!n");
    return 0;
}

2. libaroundng.c file library code

#include <stdio.h> 

#include <unistd.h> 

#include <dlfcn.h> 

int puts(const char *message) 

{ 

int (*new_puts)(const char *message);

int result; 

new_puts = dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "puts"); 

if(strcmp(message, "aroundng dot com world!n") == 0)

   { 

       result = new_puts("Goodbye, aroundng!\n");

    } 

   else 

    { 

         result = new_puts(message);

     } 

   return result; 

}

3. Create and then export library :

$ gcc libaroundng.c -o libaroundng.so -fPIC -shared -ldl -D_GNU_SOURCE

$ export LD_PRELOAD="${PWD}/libexample.so"

Finally, Compile:

$ gcc ngprogram.c -o ngprogram

$ ./ngprogram

Goodbye, aroundng!

$

Here system call is   puts(const char *message)

Feel free ask any queries